Cultural context on mobility, networks, consumer urbanism Essay

Cultural context on mobility, networks, consumer urbanism - Essay Example The fundamental concepts and ideas will be used to explain how the consumption systems of space relates to tourism. Literature Review Consumption relates to the use of natural resources and this is seen in relation to renewable and non-renewable resources (Armstrong, 2012 p328). This means that consumption relates to benefiting from a given resource either in the notional or tangible manner. In this case, 'space' can be seen as a 'consumable' resource that can be put to various uses which can bring varying degrees of satisfaction. De Carteau (1984) attempted to define the concept of 'space' in relation to the concept of 'place' in the quest to describe this abstract concept. In the bid, he stated that: â€Å"a place (lieu) is the order (of whatever kind) in accordance with which the elements are distributed in relationships of coexistence† (p117). This means that a place is defined in relation to the positions and other related things that are located close to a given area. On the other hand, he states that â€Å"a space exists when one takes into consideration the vectors of direction, velocity and time variables... in short space is a practical place† (De Carteau 1984 p117). This means that a space is a defined premises or unit within a given area that has certain laid down features that defines it (Williams, 2009). â€Å"Consumption of space relates to the relationship between the built environment and the organisation of space† (Kent, 1993 p1). The relationship between the built environment in a given area defines the consumption of space in the field of architecture. This is because the work of the architect is chiefly in relation to how the environment is ordered and how a given space is utilised to enhance human interaction and the interaction of the various members of the national environment. The legendary architect, Thackara defined 'space' from three main facades (1997): architectural space, operating environment and telematic sp ace. Architectural space relates to the familiar concepts of dimensions, divisions and the design of structures to that are built on a given piece of land. Operating environment involves a given area where the core activities of the builder is carried out. In the case of Thackara's journal, the main area under discussion was an airport. Thus, the operating environment was the area where aviation activities were carried out. The third component, which is telematic space relates to the area of a given space where electronic communication systems and structures were situated. This gave room for the users of the 'space' to undertake communication through modern gadgets and telecommunication systems like Internet, radars and other things. In Robinson's descriptions, put forward by Kieller (1999), space consumption was seen to be varied in relation to its economics. In his descriptions, Robinson indicated that the dynamics of the use of space relates to changes in economic conditions and demand influenced by the economic gains which are attached to the satisfaction attained. Using the Port Statistics as a yardstick, the fictional Robinson indicated that port traffic in one of Britain's major ports had changed steadly since 1965. This was accelerated rapidly in the 1970s when the North Sea oil was first exploited and imports fluctuated. Due to this, the space of the part had to be varied over and over again to ensure that the changes in the land

How New York Times vs Sullivan changed political thinking Essay Example for Free

How New York Times vs Sullivan changed political thinking Essay The history of the American nation has been evidently marked with many landmarks legal interpretations of its constitution. The case of New York Times vs. Sullivan is one good example of landmark cases which greatly changed the political thinking of the American population. It is clear from the underlying proceedings of the Supreme Court on the case that the legal understanding of the first and fourth amendments of the civil right bill is not to allow any recovery for media reports unless the complainant can sufficiently prove acts of malice when making the defamatory report (FindLaw, 2010). This is what marked the many historical appreciations of the media freedom in our legal justice system. It is indeed a direct result of this 1964 ruling that the media gain freedom to sufficient cover the proceedings of civil rights movement thus aiding in the realization of the ultimate inclusion of the black American’s right to the civil rights in the American constitution. This essay is written as a critical analysis of the New York Times vs. Sullivan and how it evidently changed political thinking in America. The author first gives an analytical discussion on the underlying facts presented in the case. A discussion on how the case set a precedent for public officials and how that is just another thing to consider for public figures getting into politics is also given Summary of the New York Times vs. Sullivan case 1. The trial courts judgment The case of New York Times vs. Sullivan involved a claim by New York Times in an advertisement that the arrest of Martin Luther king junior was a campaign to compromise his efforts in encouraging the blacks to vote (FindLaw, 2010). The advert claimed that the Montgomery police had been allegedly directed their acts against students who were involved in the civil rights demonstrations. The led to the filing of defamation case against New York Times by Sullivan, a commissioner in the police department at Montgomery (Shah Anderson, 2007). It is however here to be made clear that the advert was not directly mentioning Sullivan but Sullivan claimed that it was targeting him since he was the chief supervision of the police department in Montgomery. he low court trial judge in Alabaman found the New York Times guilty of committing an actual malice defamatory statements against a public officer and ordered them to pay Sullivan damage worthy half a million US dollars. 2. The Supreme Court’s judgment and its reflection on the first and fourteenth amendment It is however to be realized that the New York Times did not accept the lower court jury’s judgment thus forcing to file an appeal with the supreme cour t in the quest realizing a fair and just judgment (Tysoe, 2008). At the Supreme Court, the judges clearly confirmed that the provisions of the first amendment of the civil rights bill did not allow a public officer to be granted damages for defamation unless he or she clearly proves that such statements were made will actual malice against them. Still citing the fourteenth amendment to the constitution, the court ruled out that the states is not obliged to award damages for defamation to a public offices based on falsified claims unless the officers sufficiently proves actual malice in the statements (Shah Anderson, 2007). It is also clear from the proceedings at the Supreme Court that an individual statement can never its protection under the American constitution even if it appears in the form of a paid advert. The judges claimed that it is not the purpose of the government to judge the truth and that a public officer must live to take critics from the public unless they can sufficiently proof malicious acts in the statements (Write Lidsky, 2004). It was evidently claimed that any act of allowing Sullivan to be paid damages for insufficiently qualified claims of malice could act as a loophole for compromising any future critics to public officers. Still to be noted here is the fact that such any act could greatly compromise genuine critics for fear of intimidation, a move which could evidently compromise the just and fair provision of services by public officers to the general public. It is based on this reasons that the Supreme Court ruled against the lower courts ruling thus favoring New York Times. How New York Times vs. Sullivan set a precedent for public officials The first lesson is that it became evidently clear that a public official is subject to public criticism. It is quite clear from existing historical information that the realization of just and fair rules and regulations in the American nation has never been without social movements. Still clear is the fact that such realizations were heavily compromised with public office power interferences (Wright Lidsky, 2004). The civil right movement of the twentieth century is no exception to this. It is based on this reasoning and by applying the principles of conclusion by sufficient reasoning that the 1964 interpretation of the American constitution served to protect the political elite and/or public officials from imposing force to the public. Another change that was brought by the impact of the New York Times vs. Sullivan case ruling is that the political elite in the community must be role models (Tysoe, 2008). It is found in the proceedings of the Supreme Court ruling that public officials should be open to critics from the public domain. This was made to emphasis the fact that such are the leaders who should lead the American nation to the next level of fairness and justice for all in the society. It was only by instilling the fact that the general public has a constitutional right to critique their leaders that political comments made by leaders are subject to self liability. This is what has made the political elite of the American nation respectful of the constitutional provisions thus sufficiently realizing greater levels of justice and fairness in the society (Melbourne University Law Review, 2001). Still proved by the case is the fact that sufficiently prove of defamation by actual malice is the ultimate reason for claiming legal awarding of damages (Melbourne University Law Review, 2001). The proceedings at the Supreme Court clearly established that the constitutional protection of claimed statement can not be negated due to the fact that such have been expressed in the context of a paid advertisement. This clear makes public officials subject to proving of actual malice in their damage claim suits. It is to be clearly noted that most true expression which go to the media can be easily disputed by the source (FindLaw, 2010). However, the question of whether or not to get defamatory damages remains subject to the provision of substantial evidence proving actual malice in the presentation of the expressions. How New York Times vs. Sullivan is just another thing to consider for public figures getting into politics The ruling in the case of the New York Times vs. Sullivan also instilled the lesson that no one in the American land is above the rule of law as provided in the constitution. Clear from the ruling of the lower court, it can be claimed that the jury sort less evidence to make the judgment in favor of Sullivan (Wright Lidsky, 2004). This could be closely attributed to the fact that the government was out to control the progression of the Martin Luther King led civil rights movement. It is however clear from the Supreme Court judgment that despite such previous rulings on the case the constitutional provisions must be respected and applied equally to all in the society (Melbourne University Law Review, 2001). The provision for proving actual malice for compensation of defamation of an individual’s reputation should equally respect all even the politically advantaged in the society. It is this that made political influence on justice provisions mitigated thus respecting the rule of rule as reflected in the constitutional provision for independence of the judiciary. Another lesson from the case is that of limiting claim for awarding damage due to purported defamatory speech (Tysoe, 2008). From the advertisement that led to the defamation claims by Sullivan, it is quite clear that it claimed to be the onset of a new pattern of modern freedom. According to the ruling of the Supreme Court, it is quite clear that the constitution sufficiently protects the human right to speech. It is due to this that it found no sufficient claim of defamation in Sullivan’s claims due to the fact that the students involve were being deprived of their constitutional right to speech (Shah Anderson, 2007). It is based on this reasoning that the ruling changing our political approaches to reflective our constitutional right to speech. The last lesson from the case ruling is that it made it clear that freedom of the press must be respected. It is to be noted here that the sole duties of the media is to provide news to the general public on occurrences around them. It is due to this reason that any act of compromise quality and accuracy of such news must be mitigated. Still to be understood here is the fact that the advertisement published by the New York Times was made for overseeing the fair and just execution of the underlying demands of the civil rights movement (Melbourne University Law Review, 2001). This is what made the ruling a greatly political influence blow in civil matters. Still realized from the ruling is the ultimate realizing of freedom of press. Indeed the New York Times vs. Sullivan led to the protection of the media against intimidation in covering the civil rights movement.  It is thus clear that the ruling changed the perception the political and public officials had with regard to the media in the society. Conclusion In conclusion, it has been clearly established that the Supreme Court ruling in the case of the New York Times vs. Sullivan marked the dawn of respect for freedom to speech and the press by public officials. It is thus clear that such a case qualifies to be a landmark case in the history of the American nation. It is this court ruling which mitigated misuse of public office and/or political power to impose legal awards for damages without sufficiently prove of actual malice.

Cultural Difficulties of Joint Venture in China

Cultural Difficulties of Joint Venture in China The benefits in Joint Venture: JV gives more resources, greater capacity and increased technical expertise. It acts as a representative for marking the companys entrance to a new market when still it is at its learning stage. The mutual trusted partnership and co-operation will lead to its success. It strengthens the long term relationships or it may also collaborate on short term projects which lead them to access a new market and access to new technologies and they can also learn how to tackle the cultural difficulties if they are successful. The risks in joint venture: partnering with another company in an entirely new market is a bit risky. It takes more time and effort to build the right relationship. the problems will likely arise if the objectives of the JV are not clearly mentioned and explained or communicated. Normally the companies have their own objectives which will be different than the JV objectives. Imbalance in levels of expertise, assets and investments will lead to a poor integration and co-operation. Different culture and management styles will also lead to poor performance and co-operation. If both the companies doesnt provide necessary leadership support in early and developing stage of the JV it will also lead to disaster like dissolution. Cultural difficulties may occur for a global company in JV follows below: Understanding the cultural environments is critical to the success of the organisation or a company. Culture is important and it makes difference in the management. Variable  culture and different management styles will lead to dissolution of the venture.   Cultural differences always influence the way of making decision and solving problems. this also may lead to disaster. Unmanageable complexity, loss of autonomy, information  uncertainty and long term orientation will lead to failure of the venture. Human resource management plays a vital role in the Joint venture. Poor human resource  management will lead to ultimate failure of the venture. The companies on their own have different structural style but in a joint venture there is a  different style. It has been learnt in early days the Chinese use so called shame technique. The Chinese do not regard people as mature until they are at least 40yrs old. Most of the Chinese companies are part owned by the GOVT so the business decisions  making are done or influenced by govt burucracies and this will also consume more time  so this may also lead to impatience of global company. Within the advertising industry in China, advertisements have also not been spared from  controversy and national debate. With a strong influence of multi-ethnic Chinese culture  and history, companies are constantly challenged to convey their messages to potential  consumers effectively, accurately, and yet not appear offensive. While the Chinese  embraces globalization, they are not a least hesitant from voicing their dissatisfaction  when the contents of advertisements threaten their strong Chinese values. Western expatriate managers in JVs could be extraordinary. This could make an  expatriate assignment to JV in China and it will be a very frustrating experience. Presumably, cross-cultural training may be particularly helpful for the adjustment of westerners encountering the frustrating work environment in JV. In comparison, the  adjustment of Western expatriate executives in other types of organisations may not be  facilitated as much by cross-cultural training. Senior managers in China have good technical training, but it is not common for Chinese  managers to have formal management training. Besides, they may have little  international experience or understanding of a free-market economy. Such differences  may create substantial problems for expatriate managers in China. Disparity in education  and background may result in lower affinity on an interpersonal level. Differences in age  and experience may lead to further complications. A negative circle can easily take hold,  creating a considerable amount of stress. Unaware of the finer nuances of the local  cultural and social context, Western expatriates may quickly attribute their inevitable  business difficulties to the ineptness of their Chinese JV partners. This attribution could  be reinforced when they are reminded that they have been invited to China to improve on  the business deficiencies of their Chinese counterparts. To the Chinese, the word  contract means only a commercial agreement, not a legally binding document. Signing  a contract is a formal confirmation that they intend to do business with you, not an  indication of how they are planning to conduct business. It is well known that real  negotiation in China begins only after the contract is signed. Any problems arising  there from are due to the fact that the officials in the negotiation process have limited  authority and also tend to interpret the provision of the contract from their own cultural,  political and economic viewpoint. Also, the government frequently changes the  laws; hence, parties to the contract try to keep the arrangements as open and flexible as  possible. Recommendations to enable a joint venture: China is booming market which has  more than 1.3 billion of consumers and it has retained a considerable attraction for  international business. Initially, the Joint Venture law from 1979 only allowed foreign  companies to invest in joint ventures (JVs), but from 1987 onwards they could also form  wholly foreign-owned enterprises. Although the number of wholly foreign-owned  enterprises are increasing at a faster rate. So if a global company wants to market their  products in the Chinese market pyramid then the best option to attain their goal is to  make a JV and reach their goal in china while still in the developing process. China  is distinctly different from most other countries and would be a challenging destination  for Western business expatriates. Their need for effective cross-cultural skills appears to  be substantial, as they have to adjust to a fundamentally different cultural and social  context than their own. That adjustment may be facilitated by means of cross-cultural  training, there is inconclusive evidence of its effectiveness the impact of such training  may be contingent on circumstances at the host location. Hence, the challenges  facing Western expatriate managers in JV could be extraordinary. This could make an  expatriate assignment to a very frustrating experience. Presumably, cross-cultural  training may be particularly helpful for the adjustment of westerners encountering the  frustrating work environment in JV. In comparison, the adjustment of Western expatriate  executives in other types of organisations may not be facilitated as much by cross-cultural training. In organisational settings totally dominated by the foreign parent,  Western expatriates may encounter a less frustrating internal work environment. It is best that the global and foreign company both should seek due representation in the  top management group. They both should offer enough leadership to provide a better  developing process. Human resource management plays a vital role in joint venture before starting the  process for the joint venture they should go for look see process in which they analyse  the key factors like how they are going to train and employ staffs from china with the  help of the JV company, by studying the cultural advantages and disadvantages and what  are the resources they will be needed from the parent company and from the foreign  company. Next the key task should be picking the right person for the right job and they  should also keep in mind that in china they consider the person is mature when at least  they are 40 yrs old others will be considered as kids, so they should keep the age in mind  when they are appointing key persons in the company. Language training may vary from brief survival language instruction to extensive,  immersion training, aiming for complete spoken and written fluency. Host language  ability may serve several purposes. Besides facilitating communication with locals, it  may also demonstrate an attitude of attempting to learn about the host culture, enabling  one to be polite, and permitting cultural understanding not otherwise possible. They three key dimensions of in-country adjustment: (1) adjustment to work; (2) adjustment to interacting with host nationals; and (3) adjustment to the general non-work environment. For a successful company it should establish a good relation with the partner company to learn the cross culture and what are the key tasks they should concentrate to acquire the required knowledge for implementing the process to form a greater JV company. They should provide training for the people in the organisation to understand basic tenets of Chinese values, norms, and behaviours through cross-cultural training may facilitate the daily work routines of the Western expatriates increasing their work adjustment. In a Joint venture both the companies should learn their foreign languages in order to improve the communication and share information which will lead them to success in the joint venture. Both companies should share their resources, technology and analyse the aims and objectives of the company to succeed in the JV. Marketing is one of the major tasks in the joint venture company are any company. Marketing: Marketing, among all business functions, is most down-to-earth in terms of dealing with customers. As ordinary customers, every one of us already knows about  marketing. After all, it is all around us. Many people may be under the impression  that marketing is only selling and advertising, but it is actually only the tip of the  marketing iceberg. There exists a massive network of people and activities, competing  for customers attention and purchases. In todays marketplace, marketing must be  understood in the new sense of satisfying customer needs. They define marketing as  the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer  relationships in order to capture value from customers in return. The company has to understand the marketplace and customer needs and wants. Therefore, the company needs to research its customers and the market place in order to collect and manage marketing information and customer data. The second step, designing a customer driven marketing strategy, takes place once the market place and customers are fully understood. The company will select which customers to serve through market  segmentation and targeting. A value proposition will also be decided through  differentiation and positioning. After deciding on its overall marketing strategy, in the  third step, the company is ready to construct a marketing programme, which  transforms abstract strategies into real value for customers. The programme is also  known as the marketing mix which consists of 4 elements (the 4Ps)-product, price,  place and promotion. The fourth step, which is actually throughout the whole  marketing process, is to build profitable relationships and create cu stomer delight. To  achieve the goal, the company must establish strong relationships with marketing  partners as well. The fifth step is when the company can finally reap the fruits of its strong customer relationships by capturing value from customers in return. Once the  company has created satisfied and loyal customers, it can capture customer lifetime  value with a result of increased share of market and customer. The marketing mix starts with product strategy. Product covers more than the physical goods the company wants to sell. It is the goods-and-service combination the company offers to the target market. The company has to be aware of the advertisements which they produce this may also incur some problems because within the advertising industry in China, advertisements have also not been spared from controversy and national debate. With a strong influence of multi-ethnic Chinese culture and history, companies are constantly challenged to convey their messages to potential consumers effectively, accurately, and yet not appear offensive. While the Chinese embraces globalization, they are not a least hesitant from voicing their dissatisfaction when the contents of advertisements threaten their strong Chinese values. Chinese culture at the level of national culture, which is best embodied in the values held by its people. A value system is seen as a relatively permanent perceptual framework that influences an individuals behaviour. Chinese cultural value system is so unique that it distinguishes Chinese culture from Western cultures and the other Eastern cultures. Chinese culture is composed of traditional culture, communist ideology. The key to understand the traditional Chinese culture is Confucianism. Having competed with the other schools of thought in history, such as Taoism, Buddhism, etc., Confucianism is undisputedly the most influential thought, which forms the foundation of the Chinese cultural tradition and still provides the basis for the norms of Chinese interpersonal behaviour If the HR department and the operations department are clear with the Chinese culture and able to differentiate between them then it will reduce the risk variable culture organisation. The first key and method to market a product is to adopt cultural approach in marketing. Culture penetrates our inner being subconsciously and at a deep level. World cultures  share many common features. it is highly risky to ignore the potential influences generated by distinctive Chinese culture on marketing outcomes. It can lead to embarrassing mistakes, or more importantly, little rewards after all the efforts on marketing. Strategic management has to be global, whereas marketing management largely needs to be tailored to local contexts; therefore, an intercultural orientation to marketing best serves a global strategic view. Product is the central element in the market offering. localization in China is to appeal to Chinese customers taste. The production department should always keep in mind that brand new designs for a single market may be very effective in terms of delivering customer value for a specific market. Whereas, it cannot be applied to a wide range because the costs shoot up. Price is a significant element of communication and a decisive element in the social interaction between buyer and seller. It endorses their agreement and shapes their relationship, immediately and in the long term. For customers, price is a means of evaluating products in terms of social representations strongly akin to culture. The major priority lies in capturing the most customer value at the lowest cost, which is achieved by sourcing locally. cultures influence on pricing seems a little weak. Pricing is a big problem facing many marketing executives. The rest of the marketing mix must be taken into account while marketers decide how to price. The choice of place or distribution is one of the two elements of the marketing mix, which are essential in pushing the product towards the customer. Due to that reason the distribution forms subtle relationships with consumers by means of direct contact, it also plays a role as a cultural filter. Companys promotion mix also called its marketing communication. Mix consists of the specific blend of advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling and direct-marketing tools. The company uses the set of tools to persuasively communicate customer value and build customer relationships. Ideally if the company carefully coordinate these promotion elements to deliver a clear, consistent, and compelling message about the organization and its products then it can capture the market. And there are situation like you can only appoint Chinese officials only for certain market strategy and product developing, if the necessary steps had been taken by both of the companies then the JV will lead to great success. And there are necessities to have a relation ship in Chinese govt bureaucracies to have better understanding and learning of laws. Multinational companies or global company face more complicated marketing environments when dealing with customers cultivated in different cultures in the times of globalization. The JV helps in these situations so it is best to become a JV and focus on the market after studying the cultural differences thoroughly. There exist other concerns apart from culture, such as the local marketing environment, the companys long-term strategic plan. The marketing should be culture conscientious, they should perform locally as well as be customer value oriented, holding a global view. The key to success in joint venture is  the global company and the foreign company should have mutual understanding and trust on each other. In organizational communication, people are mainly to express him self through language to express ideas, concepts and facts. Language is the foundation of effective communication So it is best to keep a common language to communicate between the people. To improve cross-cultural communication skills as an effective measure is to develop cross-cultural training programs. These training programs should focus on training efficiency and effectiveness, avoid engaging in forms of training objectives and training should be based on object-choice training content, training content selection based training methods. These methods will help the organisation to run in smoother way. It is true that global companies cannot impose their ways of doing business on China. On the other hand, China actually wants and needs overseas firms to introduce more modern practices as a way of whipping domestic businesses into shape. So there will be success for the joint venture firms if they focus in the right direction at the right time. They should always analyse their aims and objectives it will lead them to success. Even though they are from different cultural backgrounds they should exceed in visualising their goal by communicating each other and passing through to even the lowest grade staffs. This reduces misunderstanding and their performance improvement can be seen. Due to the globalisation even the Chinese also try to keep up with the current trends in the market to survive so this will also help in a matter of fact for the joint venture company.

Inpatient Hospital Stays: Communication between Physicians and Patients

Effective communication between the physician and patient must include communicating in a clear simple manner, communicating with family members, communicating the plan of care, communicating results of tests and procedures performed and communicating findings, good or bad, in a manner appropriate for the situation. Sources: Arthur D. Fisk, et al. "What factors lead to healthcare miscommunications with older patients?" Journal of Communication in Healthcare 2.2 (2009): 103-118. Health Business Elite. EBSCO. Web. 16 Mar. 2011. This article discusses the overall impact of effective communication on the health of the elderly population. It brings out the fact that various factors influence a patients understanding and should set the tone of the physician’s conversation. The goal of the study conducted in this article is to investigate how communication is impacted by four patient characteristics; memory, sensation/perception, comprehension and interpersonal skills. These characteristics influence the decision-making process that is vital in a patient’s response to orders given by the physician such as medication compliance. Communicating with a patient based on his or her level of understanding is important at all age levels and varies with other socio-economic factors. This article is relevant because it supports the importance of simple and clear communication to a patient or caregiver. "Breaking bad news." Doctor (2007): 38-41. Health Business Elite. EBSCO. Web. 16 Mar. 2011. This article discusses how many physicians avoid telling their patient or patient’s family bad news. It is normal human behavior to avoid causing hurt to another therefore making it hard to share disturbing news. The article... ...study of the communication impact on patients. It identifies the importance of clear concise communication to patients by physicians for improved outcomes. Evidence gathered from the sources support the thesis that effective communication between the physician and patient must include communicating in a clear simple manner, communicating with family members, communicating the plan of care, communicating results of tests and procedures performed and communicating findings, good or bad, in a manner appropriate for the situation. An ideal solution would be to implement communication education seminars for physicians. The curriculum development will keep the patient in mind. Making this a patient centered educational process with some role playing will help to enlightening physicians on the importance of improved communications with the patients they care for.

“In Reification and Utopia in Mass Culture” by Frederick Jameson Essay

It is true that manipulation theory sometimes finds a special place in its scheme for those rare cultural objects which can be said to have overt political and social content: thus, 60s protest songs, The Salt of the Earth, Clancey Segals novels or Sol Yuricks, chicano murals, and the San Francisco Mime Troop. This is not the place to raise the complicated problem of political art today, except to say that our business as culture critics requires us to raise it, and to rethink what are still essentially 30s categories in some new and more satisfactory contemporary way. (Jameson 139)I initially read this quote as a praise of political art as so worthy an object of study that its complexities could not be fully addressed within the scope of Jamesons work. In other words, Jameson was humbly admitting that political art is deserving of its own lengthy analysis. Why, though, is Jameson incapable of addressing political art (and implicitly counter culture) for more than a page in his ninet een page essay describing modern culture?As I reread the quote, I began to hear a dismissive tone in the words special place and rare. How rare is overt political and social content? How rare are 60s protest songs? While the historicity of the category 60s can be appreciated, and indeed Jamesons use of it appears to be grounded in skepticism towards the authenticity of political art emerging outside of collective life, it seems as if Jameson is using it to contain a threat to his argument. The threat, that is, that overt political art and action have been present and overt since before the 1960s, and continue to persist now. I feel that, to a significant extent, his position as academic shields him from and allows him to theorize away a counterculture that has been very much alive and struggling. Or, as Hakim Bey opens his TAZ: The Temporary Autonomous Zone, Ontological Anarchy, Poetic Terrorism, CHAOS NEVER DIED.The production or assumption of a limited period of the 60s tends to perpetuate a nostalgic distance from a period of political art, counterculture, and resistance that never really ended (or began). In man y ways the 60s have come to resemble a safe countercultural commodity. One can easily find coffee table books on the collective rebellious phase of the baby boomers youth, or one can watch the Wonder Years or Forest Gump and recall a period before choosing to turn off, tune out, drop in. If these experiences are too lonely, one can visit my home town of Cleveland, Ohio with family and peruse the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame to study Beatles  artifacts or Jimi Hendrix guitars behind glass for a $10 fee. All of these commodities appear to recuperate political art and counterculture except for that they only do so in retrospect, and in a fashion that uses physical/spatial distance to construct a sense of historical distance that must be willfully believed. Just a few blocks away museum visitors, were they to instead choose to visit the Tower City Mall at public square on a Sunday, would likely encounter middle class kids and homeless people dissolving cultural boundaries at Cleveland Food Not Bombs. I dont propose, in response, a hasty rejection of some mythically totalitarian historical metanarrative, but rather I propose a more complete and honest history that dissolves the nostalgic distance between political art then and recuperated art now. Unfortunately for Jameso n, who has chosen to ignore the reality of such a history for the sake of a commentary on his own constructed meta-society, many post-60s examples easily come to mind. The punk rock movement, certainly with a strong collective component, produced material easily accessible to mass culture. The Sex Pistols Anarchy in the U.K. was released in 1976, and Crass was releasing agitating songs like Do They Owe Us A Living?, Punk is Dead, and Fight War Not Wars in 1978. Rage Against the Machine, arguably one of the more important alternative bands of the 1990s, initiated a radical Axis of Justice with System of a Down and donated all of its proceeds from a tour with U2 to organizations as overtly resistant as EZLN. Any middle class adolescent who frequented Ozzfest or other metal festivals in the 1990s and 2000s is likely aware of System of a Downs Steal This Album, or the lyrics to their politically charged Prison Song. Someone interested in hip hop enough to scratch the surface will likely encounter KRS-1s Sound of da Police released in 1993. And Radiohead, now international superstars, have just released their latest album essentially for free, bypassing the music industry entirely. Jameson might respond to me with a question like, yes, but why havent they worked?, expecting an answer affirming their status as commodities which could be subject to his ideology/utopia dialectic. My answer to such a question would be precisely my historical point: its in the works. Jameson cannot escape his own position within consumer capitalism in that it is his choice to perceive a large body of political art as contained within a diluted dialectic that imposes itself upon consumers. Perhaps a radically engaged and tactical  patience can be counterpoised against the image of the passive consumer. And besides, this is not to mention the countless DIY zines circulating around Infoshops, in radical circles, and across the hipster-radical bridge in trendy coffee shops. A nice account of post-60s anarchist praxis can be found in criminologist Jeff Ferrells Tearing Down the Streets: Adventures in Urban Anarchy, where he discusses his own experiences with collective activities as obverse as pirate radio, graffiti, and biking in critical masses. But are these practices rare? Perhaps only to those who continue to ignore, dismiss, and keep a distance from them. Are they exclusive? Well, this is not the place to raise the complicated problem of countercultural elitism and exclusion. For the rest of the items on Jamesons list, it appears as if he has chosen examples that fit his argument of rarity. When I searched for Clancey Segal on Google, for example, the only matching result I could find was Jamesons article! Perhaps my own ignorance is to blame for my unfamiliarity with the rest of the items on Jamesons list. If this is the case, how is it that I was able to come up with several examples of my own? Are they simply inauthentic, easily recuperated, or not overt enough? Am I a crazy radical detached from the revolutionary potentiality of mass culture? Or are my examples invalidated and recuperated precisely at the moment that Jamesons attitude of disengagement and struggle for theoretical security reposition them inside of some abstract near-omnipresent nightmare?Indeed, it often seems, provided one accepts the omnipresent nightmare situation, that any disbelief or skepticism towards such a macrocosm is analogous to falling back into the Matrix and being reint egrated into the naà ¯ve consumerist masses. But does the myth of the rarity of genuine and overt political art- and resistance in general- honestly acknowledge a totalizing or nearly totalizing condition like Guy Debords spectacle or Lewis Mumfords megamachine, or does it merely reveal its proponents inability or refusal to engage with political art and action of their contemporary milieu? To what extent does a fear of recuperation reproduce precisely the distance required for recuperation? The ideological component of Jamesons writing comes to bear in his own language: to rethink what are still essentially 30s categories in some new and more satisfactory contemporary way. I think Jameson redeems himself when his ideology/utopia dialectic of consumerism is pointed at criticism itself. Just as capital must re-create and recuperate a  utopian component in its commodities, Jameson and his perceived brotherhood of culture critics must re-think a rare and fetishized collection of genuine political art and acts to continue to theorize a hegemonic modern culture. If we directly engage in overt political art or action, however, the University can only have us, as rare historical events, in retrospect. Bey, Hakim. TAZ: The Temporary Autonomous Zone, Ontological Anarchy, Poetic Terrorism. Autonomedia. 2003. Brooklyn, New York. Ferrell, Jeff. Tearing Down The Streets: Adventures in Urban Anarchy. Palgrave. New York, New York. 2001. Song release dates gathered from www.allmusic.com

Celebrating New Years Eve in France

Celebrating New Years Eve in France In France, the New Years celebration begins on the evening of December 31 (le rà ©veillon du jour de l’an) and carries through January 1 (le jour de l’an). Traditionally, its a time for people to gather with  family, friends, and community. New Year’s Eve is also known as La Saint-Sylvestre because December 31 is the feast day of Saint Sylvestre. France is predominantly Catholic, and as in most Catholic or Orthodox countries, specific days of the year are designated to celebrate specific saints and are known as feast days. Individuals who share a saints name often celebrate their namesakes feast day like a second birthday. (Another noted French feast day is La Saint-Camille, shorthand for la fà ªte de Saint-Camille.  Its celebrated on July 14, which is also Bastille  Day.) French New Years Eve Traditions There arent too many traditions specific to New Years Eve in France however, one of the most important ones is kissing under the mistletoe (le gui) and counting down to midnight. While theres no equivalent to the ball dropping in Times Square, in larger cities, there may be fireworks or a parade and theres usually a big variety show on television featuring France’s most famous entertainers. New Years Eve is most often spent with friends- and there may be dancing involved. (The French like to dance!) Many towns and communities also organize a ball which is often a dressy or costumed affair. At the stroke of midnight, participants kiss one another on the cheek two  or four times  (unless they are romantically involved). People may also throw des cotillons (confetti and streamers), blow into  un serpentin (a streamer attached to a whistle), shout, applaud, and generally make a lot of noise. And of course, the French make les rà ©solutions du nouvel an (New Years resolutions). Your list will, undoubtedly, include  improving your French, or perhaps maybe even scheduling a trip to France- et pourquoi pas? French New Years Meal Theres no single food tradition for the French New Years celebration. People may choose to serve anything from a formal meal to something buffet style for a party- but no matter whats being served, its sure to be a feast. Champagne is a must, as are good wine, oysters, cheese, and other gourmet delicacies. Just be careful not to drink too much or you may end up with a serious gueule de bois (hangover). Typical New Years Gifts in France In France, people dont generally exchange gifts for the New Year, although some do. However, its traditional to give monetary gifts to postal workers, deliverymen, the police, household employees, and other service workers around Christmas and the New Year. These gratuities are called les à ©trennes, and how much you give varies greatly depending on your generosity, the level of service you got, and your budget. French New Years Vocabulary Its still customary to send out New Years greetings. Typical ones would be: Bonne annà ©e et bonne santà © (Happy New Year and good health)Je vous souhaite une excellente nouvelle annà ©e, pleine de bonheur et de succà ¨s. (I wish you an excellent New Year, full of happiness and success.) Other phrases youre likely to hear during New Years celebrations: Le Jour de lAn- New Years DayLa Saint-Sylvestre- New Years Eve (and the feast day of Saint Sylvester)Une bonne rà ©solution- New Years resolutionLe repas du Nouvel An- New Years mealLe gui (pronounced with a hard G ee)- mistletoeDes confettis- confettiLe cotillon- a ballLes cotillons- party novelties such as confetti and streamersUn serpentin- a streamer attached to a whistleGueule de bois- hangoverLes  Ãƒ ©trennes- Christmas/New Years Day present or gratuityEt pourquoi pas?- And why not?

Checks and Balances in Rome essays

Checks and Balances in Rome essays In tracing the history of Roman government, one would find that the first form of established rule was by that of the monarchy. This meant that one king held imperium over the mass of the people. However, by 510 B.C, with the elimination of the monarchy, this imperium was granted to two consuls who shared it equally, thus allowing for a new process of governing with division of power. The consuls held highly authoritative positions, dealing regularly with military and legal matters, and with general public affairs. As stated by Polybius, History of the World, 6.12.1-9, "it is the duty of the consuls to consider these (public affairs) their concern, and to summon assemblies, to introduce resolutions, and to execute the decrees of the people." Obviously, the consuls were faced with many major responsibilities, thus, the government was soon divided further to include magistracies. Only certain magistracies held imperium, besides the consuls, those being the praetors and the dictators. Praetors, described by the Historian Messalla as "colleagues of the consuls", functioned in handling matters in the law, specifically that of civil law. Dictators were assigned to deal with affairs in times of urgency, such as war, and were entitled to power above all the other magistrates. This is emphasized in the following passage by Pomponius, The Digest of Laws, 1.2 16-28. : "...occasionally, when the situation required, it was decided to establish a magistrate with power greater then any other magistrate. And thus dictators were appointed... to whom had been granted the power to inflict capital punishment. Since this magistrate had absolute power, it was unconstitutional for him to be kept in office for more then six months." Though they did not hold imperium, other divisions of the government were also established, namely, the Quaestors, Tribunes of the plebs, Aediles and Censors. Varro, in A Book about the Latin Language, 5. 1 ...

Constructivist theory Essay Example

Constructivist theory Essay Example Constructivist theory Essay Constructivist theory Essay Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.0 Introduction Presently, there is so much literature on constructivist instruction and scientific question that it took me a long clip to choose the suited beginnings for this survey. An online Google hunt revealed that 39 100 surveies on constructivist instruction, scientific question and primary scientific discipline have been conducted since 2000. I started naming down all the literature beginnings that were provided during the class so went on to choose other beginnings I found utile for this subject. The theoretical analysis started with the definitions of constructivist instruction and scientific question so went on to work out how the two constructs are linked. The benefits and challenges of scientific question are besides included in this chapter. 2.1 What is constructivist theory? Lorsbach A ; Tobin ( 1997 ) states that constructivist theory is an epistemology, a theory of cognition used to explicate how we know what we know. The Oxford English dictionary defines epistemology as the theory of cognition, particularly with respect to its methods, cogency, and range. Constructivist attack is evidently hard to label as different types of constructivism have emerged from larning theories for illustration cognitive, extremist and societal constructivism to call but a few. These theories have been discussed in item in subdivision 3.1 of chapter three. The object of scientific discipline is to organize our experiences and to convey them into a logical order. From a constructivist position, scholars construct their ain cognition on the footing of what they already know ( Dole and Sinatra 1998 ) . Therefore the inquiries addressed by epistemologists ; How do we come to cognize what we know? What is knowledge? What is truth? What is world? are besides of import to the scientific discipline instructors. It is truly of import to understand how the pupils construct new cognition from what they know. Tobin and Tippins ( 1993 p4 ) explained how the new cognition is constructed in scientific discipline instruction. They explain that scientific cognition continues to alter over clip because ends and jobs of society alteration taking to new experiences ; engineering provides new ways of sing ; what is known continues to increase at an exponential rate ; and the persons that comprise the scientific subject continually alteration . They farther explain that in order to hold new cognition, that cognition is accepted by the scientific community as feasible because of its coherency with other apprehensions and its tantrum with experience . 2.1.1 What is constructivist attack? There are different types of constructivism, therefore varied positions of constructivist learning methods, which could be applied to learning and larning. As such, Brown and Adams ( 2001 p7 ) defined this attack as: †¦ a position of acquisition, that sees scholars as active participants who construct their apprehensions of the universe around them. Using past experiences and cognition, scholars make sense of the new information that they are having. It is of import to observe the type of constructivist theory presented otherwise one may acquire a slightly different reading ( Ernest 1995 ) . However, the type of constructivist attack applied has to be congruous with the scientific question that takes topographic point in a peculiar scientific discipline lesson. Osborne ( 1996 p50 ) explained that cognition and apprehension of the epistemology of scientific discipline is an indispensable facet of any instruction in scientific discipline, and any attack, which neglects a consideration of it is uncomplete and epistemologically thin. 2.2 What is scientific question? The National Research Council ( 1996 ) defines enquiry as: †¦ a many-sided activity that involves: devising observations ; presenting inquiries ; analyzing books and other beginnings of information to see what is already known ; be aftering probes ; reexamining what is already known in visible radiation of experimental grounds ; utilizing tools to garner, analyze, and construe informations ; suggesting replies, accounts, and anticipations ; and pass oning the consequences. Inquiry requires designation of premises, usage of critical and logical thought, and consideration of alternate accounts. ( p 23 ) . This definition shows that scientific question is child active, developing manipulative and mental activity accomplishments endeavoring to do sense of events and phenomena in the natural and made universe around us ( Murphy and Beggs, 2001 ) . Thus scientific question helps the pupils to build new cognition from what they know. There is concern that some instructors are ill-defined of the intent of scientific question, which prevents them from learning efficaciously. Possibly an account would assist clear up the misconceptions about constructivist attack and scientific question. Constructivist learning focal points on how learning takes topographic point that guides determinations about scholars and instructor s actions while scientific question focuses on what scholars and instructors need to make to develop understanding in primary scientific discipline. Furthermore constructivism recognizes the importance of the thoughts that kids develop for themselves from their experience and interaction with others and of the usage of these thoughts in learning while question contributes to accomplishments and the aggregation and usage of grounds in proving thoughts ( Murphy, et. al 2001 ) . 2.3 What are the benefits of scientific question in primary scientific discipline? From a constructivist position, kids understand and enjoy what they are larning when they are actively involved. In constructivist instruction, cognition is non passively received, but is actively built up by the scholar. That means thoughts and ideas can non be communicated in the sense that significance is packaged into words and `sent to another who unpacks the significance from the sentences. That is, every bit much as we would wish to, we can non set thoughts in pupil s caputs, they will and must build their ain significances ( von Glasersfeld, 1996 ) . Learning is a procedure of cognition building alternatively of soaking up. Scientific question does non see primary scientific discipline as a random activity that has small significance in existent life. Learners are expected to understand the nature or intent of scientific enquiry. A constructivist position ( Richardson, 1997 ) perceives larning as an active procedure where scholars actively construct intending from their experiences in connexion with their anterior apprehensions and the societal scene. The impression that scholars ( Windschitl, 2002 ) play an active function in constructing their ain significance makes scientific enquiry effectual in primary scientific discipline. Pupils learn best when they actively construct their ain apprehension. This means that scholars must be able to suit new stuff into what they already know instead than memorize it word for word in order to larn meaningfully ( Littledyke 1998 p10 ) . The constructivist position emphasizes the procedure and non the merchandise. It is non the reply that is of import but how one a rrives at that peculiar reply. Learning is a procedure of building meaningful representations, of doing sense of one s experiential universe. Scientific enquiry-oriented instruction promotes the development of unwritten communicating accomplishments. This seems peculiarly of import when learning bilingual pupils. Scientific question plays an of import portion in the instruction of primary school scientific discipline as it provides chances for students to speak about their thoughts refering peculiar constructs or issues that are outstanding in their acquisition procedure. Vygotsky s societal constructivism promotes societal interaction and societal contexts. 2.4 What are the challenges of scientific question? In rule the suggestion that instructors should be after activities on the footing of what the scholar already knows and understands seems rather educationally sound. However the chief cause for concern ( Scott, 1987 ) is how a individual instructor elicits the single positions of 20 students in thirty-minute slots of clip scattered over a hebdomad? Even if the instructor has equal information about the scholars initial thoughts, trying to react to their single thoughts can go an tremendous undertaking in schoolroom direction. This is the major job faced by instructors who have made a committedness to a constructivist attack. They frequently feel guilty because they are unable to pull off to implement this in their pattern. The cardinal function of the instructors will be to interpret this information into effectual learning for their pupils. This function becomes critical non merely in fiting appropriate scientific discipline to the capableness of the kid, but besides in cognizing where to steer the kid following. Harlen ( 1996 ) commented that it might look excessively hard to happen out about the thoughts of all the kids in a category in such a manner as to be after activities to suit them. Osborne hypertext transfer protocol: //www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/63794/PDFSTART? CRETRY=1 A ; SRETRY=0

The impact of relationship between rape victims and men Essay

The impact of relationship between rape victims and men - Essay Example Social stigma as a form of secondary victimization also continues to haunt the rape victims as they move on with their lives after the attack. White & Robinson-Kurpius’ (1999) study revealed that men continued to subscribe to the mythology associated with rape that women/victims are culpable for what had happened to them because of the way they are dressed, their behavior, type of work or sexual experience (p.993). These were then used to rationalize or justify or absolve the acts of the aggression. Victims of sexual assaults experience a range of short and long-term effects such as anxiety and depression (Harris & Valentiner, 2002, p.286). Also associated with the sexual violence various forms and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in majority of the victims. In addition, victims developed problems in interpersonal relationships and social functions (p.286). Victims of sexual violence develop interpersonal functioning problems especially when their pre-traumatic schema differed from the post-traumatic experience. The victims generally avoid sexual activity primarily because they developed a basic distrust towards other people and a misconception and belief in â€Å"random distribution of events.† All these, in addition to a general feeling of discomfort in resuming sexual activity contribute to the reluctance of rape victims to resume normal social relationships (Harris & Valentiner, 2002, p.302). Harris & Valentiner (2002) also noted that extreme self-paranoia is a consequence of â€Å"beliefs that the world and its inhabitants are harmful and that unfortunate events are distributed in a random pattern.†(p.302). Trust is a factor that is lost and the victims usually perceive other people as untrustworthy and dangerous. Self-blame contributes to reduction of self-esteem and most would perceive themselves as â€Å"socially

Knowledge, Truth, Belief Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Knowledge, Truth, Belief - Assignment Example Similarly in coherent theory, the truth requires appropriate proof that supports it for it to be true; hence it has to be factual. Conversely, correspondence theory does not emphasize on the facts rather than the theoretical view that is remarkable to realize (Mindus, 60-61). In my opinion, I think robust theory of truth might be possible when certain approaches such as correspondence and coherence theory are combined. Robust theory of truth involves a truth-bearer is true and right, and there is a truth-maker that can be referred to as a fact. The statement or factor being considered should have the enough evidences to prove the fact or truth-maker. The theory can be comprehended without intricacy when viewing it as a reaction to correspondence theory (Mindus, 60-61). Consequently, the ‘hybrid’ theory will work, since it merges the approaches that are used in corresponding and coherent theory. Joachim response to his critics who suggest that coherence theory of truth has no bearing on the way the world is in, and of itself is that his sketch was intended to show the truth of nature as ideal. He describes the nature truth as the systematic coherence that portrays a significant whole, which is an individual and personal experience. His response is convincing because the origin of the world is a mystery to everyone, and only few individuals came up with personal theories that describe the way of the world. Theories of truth such as correspondence and coherent theory explain the types of truths that exist in the society (Mindus, 60-61). Hence, identifying and differentiating the reality from the idealism among individuals becomes

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Report - Essay Example The following report is going to discuss two companies and their growth – Lazy Oaf Company and Bay & Brown Company. These two companies are major UK textile and apparel manufacturers. This report examines the growth prospects for the two companies trends in fashion have been listed at the close of the report. The aim and objective is to analyze the growth of the industry as a whole with the two companies presenting the model for growth behavior. A company with a vision to originate unconventional, vibrant outfits and frills was well established back in 2001 in East London. It initiated its work by printing t-shirts in a different style called â€Å"Screen Printed T-Shirts† This innovation got great appreciation and got famous in no time. The brand for its quality and uniqueness became reputable and spread its network in Japan, Paris and Italy. Creative designs and distinct style distinguish it from other brands. The company has mission to en light your day with it diverse product range, catering to all ages (Lazy Oaf Company, 2009). Witnessing the current economic downfall throughout the world the company has done remarkably well to maintain its place in the market by taking timely initiatives and launching campaigns and promotional offers that helped it securing its share in the market (Lazy Oaf Prices, 2009). The prices of products have been kept in accordance with the buying ability of masses, not to deprive them their right to buy quality brand. At this critical juncture the performance in terms of growth is uphill with innovation in Fashion stands as essential standpoint. A UK design studio that promotes exclusive compilation of ideas, print designs and notions fabricate for UK and various international fashion industries. Bay and Brown is playing a key role in boosting the image of the company all over the world in terms of setting a benchmark regarding the fine prints and designs famous for their innovation and cost effectiveness (Bay &

Engineering Strategy report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Engineering Strategy report - Essay Example However, Ayling (1995) also wrote about additional parameters that determine success in a competitive market and mentioned the market segment or the structure of the market where the competition is taking place. In this instance, two major markets are identified, which are local and global markets. Indeed, for most of the time before, Apex Engineering saw itself only engaged in local competition, where it was rated as the market’s second, only next to Coopers in the manufacturing of marine crane builder. Out of nowhere however, Apex Engineering now finds itself engaged in the global competitive market with several international competitors entering the market. Interestingly, in a perfect competition market such as the one that Apex is currently finding itself in, rather than a monopoly market, the competitiveness of the market does not make it possible for competitors to dance to the tunes that favour their opponents. In perfect competition, it is the business of opponents to read and know what creates competitive advantage for competitors and try to strategise their business operations to meet such competitive advantage (Adamson, Doherty and Viney, 1998). Currently, Apex Engineering has identified the problem it is faced with in its new competitive global market, and that is an inability to catch up with competitors on the lines of cost and innovation. Competitors have used cost and innovation as two key strategies to gain competitive advantage against Apex Engineering. Meanwhile, because perfect competition markets are made up of many firms and sellers with abundant substitute products for consumers to select from, it takes only firms that have competitive advantage to command market share as consumers always tend to prefer these organizations to that of their opponents. Until now, Apex Engineering has lost a lot of market share but is not totally out of business. This means that there remains much more optimisation and management

A letter to University Program Leader for an enquery Essay

A letter to University Program Leader for an enquery - Essay Example n thrown into uncertainty by the fact that the structure of my academic program will change from a 15 credits module to a 20 credits module in the September semester. This change is going to affect my study schedule since it is likely to raise the number of credits required for a complete semester and I may end up with fewer modules completed. In March, I made enquiries with the E-learning team on when and what modules would be available for enrolment in the April Semester and I was notified to take two modules in Biological Psychology and Social psychology even though I was aware that the semester had three level 4 modules on offer; Biological, Social and Developmental Psychology. Following the unsatisfactory response that I received from the E-learning team, I contacted the E-learning team for the second time, enquiring for the possibility of adding Developmental Psychology to my program for the Semester beginning April 2012. In response, the E-learning team informed me that the program leader would not allow me to take three modules, leaving me with the unfavorable option of taking the two modules that the program leader advised. However, at the beginning of my Second Semester in mid April, I realized that some students who started in January were taking three modules (Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and Developmental Psychology) for the January Semester. I sought the advice of the program leader and the E-learning team again but did not get any responses and so I had to proceed with the two modules. In the period April to June, I frequently contacted the program leader and the E-learning team to allow me takes the third module without much breakthrough. The E-learning team later informed me that the program leader would not allow me take the third module since the Semester was just four weeks away from the assessment date and so he advised me to wait for a few more weeks when I would obtain my new study pathway. I have since received my study plan

LEARNING LOG AND COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN FOR CHANGE Essay

LEARNING LOG AND COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN FOR CHANGE - Essay Example this change would result in positive personal and professional growth and in enhancing interpersonal relationships with diverse people from various walks of life. If I did not change these areas, it would affect personal and career growth as problems and conflicts need resolution to avoid negative outcomes. Self-Reflection: The concepts focusing on one’s ability to assess personality, attitude, and emotional intelligence are relevant as these affects all facets of relating with other people. The lessons learned from this section would assist in one’s interpersonal relationships in various situations by acknowledgement of personal strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, a journey in self-awareness provided me with the opportunity to gauge the areas I am strong in and to address those that need improvement. Responses to Reflection Questions: I think that feedback is a necessary element in all communication processes. Self-disclosure however is given only in appropriate situations and to people one completely trusts. Trust should be earned and could not be assumed that all people are trustworthy. Honestly, I am not comfortable with self-disclosure because it exposes aspects of one’s self that could be prone to criticisms. Trusting others should only be practiced when trust has been earned. It is therefore more difficult to disclose oneself rather than learn to trust others. Since I am more apprehensive to disclose oneself to others than to trust other people, then, I welcome feedback more from others; rather than me giving feedback to people that I know would hurt them or betray their trust in me. I have established complete trust to my family and close friends and the relationship is symbiotic; therefore, the relationship has been bonded through trust and self-disclosure. To enh ance relationships with friends, my weakness in self-disclosure could be slowly addressed to be more open to them and to communicate what needs to be addressed. If I am more willing to

Engineering Strategy report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Engineering Strategy report - Essay Example However, Ayling (1995) also wrote about additional parameters that determine success in a competitive market and mentioned the market segment or the structure of the market where the competition is taking place. In this instance, two major markets are identified, which are local and global markets. Indeed, for most of the time before, Apex Engineering saw itself only engaged in local competition, where it was rated as the market’s second, only next to Coopers in the manufacturing of marine crane builder. Out of nowhere however, Apex Engineering now finds itself engaged in the global competitive market with several international competitors entering the market. Interestingly, in a perfect competition market such as the one that Apex is currently finding itself in, rather than a monopoly market, the competitiveness of the market does not make it possible for competitors to dance to the tunes that favour their opponents. In perfect competition, it is the business of opponents to read and know what creates competitive advantage for competitors and try to strategise their business operations to meet such competitive advantage (Adamson, Doherty and Viney, 1998). Currently, Apex Engineering has identified the problem it is faced with in its new competitive global market, and that is an inability to catch up with competitors on the lines of cost and innovation. Competitors have used cost and innovation as two key strategies to gain competitive advantage against Apex Engineering. Meanwhile, because perfect competition markets are made up of many firms and sellers with abundant substitute products for consumers to select from, it takes only firms that have competitive advantage to command market share as consumers always tend to prefer these organizations to that of their opponents. Until now, Apex Engineering has lost a lot of market share but is not totally out of business. This means that there remains much more optimisation and management

LEARNING LOG AND COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN FOR CHANGE Essay

LEARNING LOG AND COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN FOR CHANGE - Essay Example this change would result in positive personal and professional growth and in enhancing interpersonal relationships with diverse people from various walks of life. If I did not change these areas, it would affect personal and career growth as problems and conflicts need resolution to avoid negative outcomes. Self-Reflection: The concepts focusing on one’s ability to assess personality, attitude, and emotional intelligence are relevant as these affects all facets of relating with other people. The lessons learned from this section would assist in one’s interpersonal relationships in various situations by acknowledgement of personal strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, a journey in self-awareness provided me with the opportunity to gauge the areas I am strong in and to address those that need improvement. Responses to Reflection Questions: I think that feedback is a necessary element in all communication processes. Self-disclosure however is given only in appropriate situations and to people one completely trusts. Trust should be earned and could not be assumed that all people are trustworthy. Honestly, I am not comfortable with self-disclosure because it exposes aspects of one’s self that could be prone to criticisms. Trusting others should only be practiced when trust has been earned. It is therefore more difficult to disclose oneself rather than learn to trust others. Since I am more apprehensive to disclose oneself to others than to trust other people, then, I welcome feedback more from others; rather than me giving feedback to people that I know would hurt them or betray their trust in me. I have established complete trust to my family and close friends and the relationship is symbiotic; therefore, the relationship has been bonded through trust and self-disclosure. To enh ance relationships with friends, my weakness in self-disclosure could be slowly addressed to be more open to them and to communicate what needs to be addressed. If I am more willing to

My Passion and Pet Peeve Essay Example for Free

My Passion and Pet Peeve Essay Life is like a movie. People play their respective roles each day. This world is a theater and we are regarded as protagonist and antagonist on different ways. I tend to compare life to movies because watching films has become one of my greatest passions in life. On the other hand I consider bad and reckless driver in LA as my pet peeve since I view them as villains of this world. My passion for movies started when I was young. I use to go to movie houses together with family and friends. I cannot last a day without watching any movie ma it be old or new. I gain lessons and information from it and can put it into application. I also discover things and became more aware of the different personalities that each individual possesses. As my aforementioned statement we are the lead actors and actresses of our own movie and it is up to us how we can make a happy ending. Globalization is elsewhere and part of it is the invention of automobiles. Talking about cars and other vehicles with wheels, it easily annoys me whenever I saw and hear news about reckless drivers especially if it happens in Los Angeles. It is one of America’s biggest cities and I hate the fact that they are not putting focus in driving. I consider reckless drivers as criminals which I have seen on movies. They are unmindful of their actions and only care about themselves. It is not a joyride after all if you are causing trouble on other people. We are all given the freedom to choose what is best for us. Watching movies and driving cars can both be entertaining. But then it depends upon the person who is doing it. I am passionate about movies because I can put myself on the shoes of the character I like most and learn more about life. On the other hand every time I pass by the streets of Los Angeles and see reckless driving, my hormones rages and wanted to curse my greatest pet peeve: reckless drivers. They abuse the rights given to them and may end one’s life like a tragic movie.

Misuse of Environmental Resources

Misuse of Environmental Resources A.What is the issue: Misuse of environment resources means wasting of our raw natural resources which leads to unbalance in the nature elements. This can be caused by two ways direct and indirect. For example, cutting forests to use their wood is considered as direct misuse; at the same time lacking of trees is reducing the amount of oxygen in the air and increasing the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that is an indirect way of misusing. The significance of the issue:.B In the past, human beings adopted its home and clothing and their food plants on the environment, animals and other components, but what is happening now is a drain in all forms of environmental resources like living plant, animal and non-living resources, soil, mineral and energy resources, and this is attrition problems to the environment . .The water is the most important reason for the persistence of life on this planet, because its uses are many and varied ,and the amount of water on the surface of the Earth is not fixed and it will not increase ,for this reason the subject should be taken more seriously by looking for ways to conserve water and keep it .The metal is the basis of industry and economic power ,hence it is important to maintain it . the increasing in the number of the worlds population is causing a rapidly drain and increase the cost of extraction , it is known to us that this energy had been formed since millions of years and are not renewed, the throbbed they nee d millions of years until the other is made up again. As for the wealth of plant food source, which is very important in our lives, they are also harmed by cutting trees and burning of forests, overgrazing, being done by some ignorant shepherds and other things without thinking about the value of these trees that are a major source of food and energy in the body as they contribute to purifying the air from the exhaust gases such as carbon dioxide and also contribute to the process of transpiration in increasing the amount of rainfall. remained livestock is one of the most important sources through which a human on the protein needed to build his body and his bones and teeth, however, there are many species now threatened with extinction because of fishing in the breeding seasons. So what we see from the above is that we need to protect our environment and its resources, use it in the right way in order to protect ourselves and our planet . Why are you choosing this issue:.C In the UAE there a lot of natural resources that are misused , in our project we are trying to explain what are this resources and how they are used in the opposite way and what are its effectives on the society ,its so popular now a days , we need this resources to help the people and give them the attention to use it in the write way. D.Sources used : We have made around the university to ask the 20 students about our topic misused of natural resources in UAE and there opinion on it we have asked three questions which are : Q1) What are the natural resources in UAE in their opinion? Answer was: 10 girls gave an answer of the petrol resources of petrol resources. 5 girls gave an answer of the solar and energetic power. 2 girls gave an answer of the pearls and sea. 2 girls gave an answer of the oil source. Q2) Are those resources used in a proper way ? Answer was: 10 girls said (yes) 5 girls said (no) 5 girls said (some used properly and other no) Q3)In what ways we can use this sources properly ?(random 5) E.What are the reasons of the issue: There are many reasons for this issue such as increasing population and their consuming , the unawareness of some individual and groups with the serious of the problem, the development of industry and trade like trading in ivory, the luxuries living standard of rich people to match their needs. Also we have deliberate negligence on destruction of natural resources like dumping factory wastes on soil and land, last but least no restricted laws to be applied in order to protect and preserve our natural resources. F.What are the effects of the issue: 1.On the Individual level : Consuming the amount of fresh water. Air pollution. Sea life pollution (lack of food). Lack of resources for the next generations. Depletion of petroleum and minerals resources. Extinction of some kinds of rare animals and put the lives of the rest endanger. Decline the developed countries because of the wrong environmental behavior. Creating hybrid organisms could match the new environmental conditions. Crack in the life chain. 2.On the National and Global level: You must be the change you wish to see in the world.These words were said by Gandhi; those words were said to the people who misuse the environment, even though they know that this affects the world, now we are using a lot of the natural resources, as a result we have a lot of consequences, such as acid rain and smog. In this new age that we are in, we use a lot of electronics, but the thing is these electronics, they need a lot of fuel to work which is a great loss because later on with time there wont be any fuels for the other electronics like cars to transport us or the air conditioner to cool us down, all these factors will vanish with time and we wont be able to keep that same standard of living if we keep using the resources carelessly like we are now. We never wondered when we use up the fossil fuels, and they are no longer useful they end up in our lakes or oceans the bad thing is that this water has to be purify it because of all the pollutants that are present in the water and the people who are gaining from all this is the big businesses they clean the water and purify it. Even the big businesses have some waste that they dont want to deal with the waste that they have left from the purification so they throw it back to the water which they dont really care about its purity and the victims are the people who will think to drink, eat, or shower again with this water, and many more thing happen to us when the water in not pure which affects our body and our ecosystem. G.What can be done to resolve this issue: You might think its hard to solve, but its easy. If each one of us plant one small tree in his house, it will contribute in protecting our environment. A lot of people use cars even into the nearest place to their house, and of course they are not the only one who does the same thing, more and more do it. Instead of using cars, bicycles r good option. Easy to ride and doesnt cause a lot of damages or pollution to the environment. Start with yourself, think, and imagine a clean environment, better world and healthy people. How about walking, its good for both your body and your world Even for the people who must uses their cars every day, use refineries, do u know what that polluted air can cause to human health and your environment. Recycling!! had any one of u thought how much it can help in protecting our environment, people probably through stuff they use way, instead of that lets try using them in good ways again ,of course not everything but there is something that can be useful again such as papers , plastic , also try to reduce the amount of using it , instead use paper bags and cardboard containers, Even a simple habit of buying in bulk can save a lot of packaging material , see its very easy things do and very small m but it makes huge difference with our environment , help us to green our world. Treat the Earth well: it was not given to you by your parents , it was loaned to you by your children ancient proverb. Society projec 52 section Team members: Dina Amr Salem. Group Leader. Reem Ebrahim Kader. Mina Raafat Al Baali. Ghada Mohamed. Work plan: paragraph A, E, F, the presentation, andforming the report. Dina Amr. paragraph B and F. Mina Raafat. paragraph C and D. Ghada Mohamed. paragraph G and the brochure. Reem Ebrahim.

Should Napoleon Bonaparte Be Considered A Hero? :: European Europe History

Should Napoleon Bonaparte Be Considered A Hero? What is a hero? A hero can be defined as a common man who rises to greatness on the basis of sheer talent. Should Napoleon Bonaparte be considered as a hero? Many would argue that Napoleon is a hero as his heroic nature provided France with the institutions and sense of national identity they needed. Others would argue Napoleon is not a hero, as his use of propaganda made the French public believe he was their savior. I believe Napoleon Bonaparte was a hero, as his many accomplishments modified the French society and ultimately the civilized world. Not only did he better France through his domestic policy, he also expanded the territory of France with many battles won through strategic warfare. He as well gave the citizens of France the sense of national identity and pride they needed. Napoleon's domestic policy, "was his greatest legacy to France" (Mitchner, pg 57). His domestic policies had such an immense impact on the way of life in France that they are used today in the civilized world. Through his domestic policy, Napoleon created the Bank of France. By creating the Bank of France Napoleon stabilized the French economy where the previous leaders of France had failed and made the franc the highest currency in all of Europe. Napoleon claimed "Equality must be the first element in education" (Mitchner, pg 59). This was the basis of the educating system Napoleon strived for. The Education reforms which Napoleon introduced in 1802 called lycees allowed this equality to occur and enhanced the way of learning for all of the citizens. Finally the serious rift with the Roman Catholic Church (which was created during the French revolution) was healed when The Concordat was introduced by Napoleon. Mending the rift between the Church and State allowed freedom of religion and rejuvenated the beliefs within the people of France. This contribution to France ended in French domestic tranquility. Napoleon was not only a great leader, he also was a military genius. As a military genius, Napoleon won many battles to expand France and was always welcomed back to France as a hero. His use of strategic warfare throughout many battles allowed him to be seen as a hero not only in France but all of Europe. Although his army was outnumbered by the Russians and Austrians in December 2, 1805, Napoleon' brilliant strategies resulted in a defeat of the opposing armies in the Battle of Austerlitz.

Le Temps D’Une Chasse: One Take on Québec Cinema :: Movies Film Films Cinema Quebec Canada Essays

Le Temps D’Une Chasse: One Take on Quà ©bec Cinema Quà ©bec’s peculiar political and cultural status as a French-speaking and reluctant province of an English Canadian Confederation began to change with the rise of a militant independence movement in the 1960s and 1970s. †¦ [Its] emergent cinema, although it never speaks with one voice, could be said to share, both implicitly and explicitly, in a common struggle †¦ of exploring, questioning and constructing a notion of nationhood in the films themselves and in the consciousness of the viewer. †¦ [This] has not resulted in a homogeneous notion of Quà ©bec, but one of contradiction, fragmentation and uncertainty. (Barrowclough 205) This statement speaks to the futility of devising a paradigm for assessing the so-called typical Quà ©bec film; at the very core of such films lies a contradiction which cannot be summed up into one archetypal structure. Any Quà ©bec production reflects some part of the Quà ©bà ©cois experience. Attempts to prescribe criteria for what qualifies as a Quà ©bec film are restrictive, and deny the legitimacy of the multiple voices speaking out from Quà ©bec. The complexity of content in Quà ©bec films is reflected in the disparate critical response to director Francis Mankiewicz’s film, Le Temps D’Une Chasse. The film, released in 1972, was met with varied, contradictory reviews. One critic found that the film was not at all typically French-Canadian, but that it was about "the impossible efforts of man to get beyond reality" (Godard 34). Another stated that the film was very much a product of French-Canada, showing little promise as a hit anywhere else in the world (Mosk). A third reviewer thought that the episodes in the film "capture and reflect a Quà ©bà ©cois mentality," but that the film also had "many qualities" and therefore had the potential to succeed outside as well as inside of Quà ©bec (Tads). Such varied reactions serve to indicate that preconceptions had been formed as to what characterizes a Quà ©bec film, and that these preconceptions are assumed to dictate what audiences want to watch. The fact that Le Temps D’Une Chasse is open to various interpretations should not indicate a flaw in the film; rather, it should be seen as representing another aspect of the complex and contradictory social context within which it was produced. "An awareness of contradiction and a willingness to allow this awareness to shape the aesthetic experience are essential elements of modern art’s rebellion against the fixed viewpoint of perspective and linearity that created a sense of order and harmony in the past" (Leach 226). Le Temps D’Une Chasse: One Take on Quà ©bec Cinema :: Movies Film Films Cinema Quebec Canada Essays Le Temps D’Une Chasse: One Take on Quà ©bec Cinema Quà ©bec’s peculiar political and cultural status as a French-speaking and reluctant province of an English Canadian Confederation began to change with the rise of a militant independence movement in the 1960s and 1970s. †¦ [Its] emergent cinema, although it never speaks with one voice, could be said to share, both implicitly and explicitly, in a common struggle †¦ of exploring, questioning and constructing a notion of nationhood in the films themselves and in the consciousness of the viewer. †¦ [This] has not resulted in a homogeneous notion of Quà ©bec, but one of contradiction, fragmentation and uncertainty. (Barrowclough 205) This statement speaks to the futility of devising a paradigm for assessing the so-called typical Quà ©bec film; at the very core of such films lies a contradiction which cannot be summed up into one archetypal structure. Any Quà ©bec production reflects some part of the Quà ©bà ©cois experience. Attempts to prescribe criteria for what qualifies as a Quà ©bec film are restrictive, and deny the legitimacy of the multiple voices speaking out from Quà ©bec. The complexity of content in Quà ©bec films is reflected in the disparate critical response to director Francis Mankiewicz’s film, Le Temps D’Une Chasse. The film, released in 1972, was met with varied, contradictory reviews. One critic found that the film was not at all typically French-Canadian, but that it was about "the impossible efforts of man to get beyond reality" (Godard 34). Another stated that the film was very much a product of French-Canada, showing little promise as a hit anywhere else in the world (Mosk). A third reviewer thought that the episodes in the film "capture and reflect a Quà ©bà ©cois mentality," but that the film also had "many qualities" and therefore had the potential to succeed outside as well as inside of Quà ©bec (Tads). Such varied reactions serve to indicate that preconceptions had been formed as to what characterizes a Quà ©bec film, and that these preconceptions are assumed to dictate what audiences want to watch. The fact that Le Temps D’Une Chasse is open to various interpretations should not indicate a flaw in the film; rather, it should be seen as representing another aspect of the complex and contradictory social context within which it was produced. "An awareness of contradiction and a willingness to allow this awareness to shape the aesthetic experience are essential elements of modern art’s rebellion against the fixed viewpoint of perspective and linearity that created a sense of order and harmony in the past" (Leach 226).

Legal and Ethics

Stakeholdes are people who hold a stake or some share in a certain company, system or an issue. The analysis of stakeholders is a way of discerning a company or the system itself, wherein areas such as power, objectives, aims, position and relationships can be looked into. An analysis of these stakeholders will show a pattern of communication, conflict and understanding between these shareholders. This will help in resolving any differences and issues. According to ICRA these are different types of stakeholders,  ·      Key stakeholder. Are those stakeholders who have a great influence over the project and its success involved.  ·      Primary stakeholder. Are those stakeholders who are direct beneficiaries of the results and the of the project.  ·    Secondary stakeholder. Are those stakeholders who act as â€Å"intermediaries† inside a project or a system.  ·   Active stakeholders. These stakeholders directly affect or may even determine decisions and actions in a project or a system.  ·    Passive stakeholders. These are stakeholders who are directly affected by any decions and actions taken by the others.  ·   Important stakeholders. These stakeholders are very important to the project itself. Their needs are of high signifcance.  ·    Influential stakeholders. These are stakeholders who have the influence or the power to make decions regarding an activity or who can convince others in making a decion. Any ethical obligations to the stakeholder can be easily balanced by offereing them substantial roles of responisibility. According to Bittner and Spence (2002), you need to identify the type of stakeholder for the kind of role. These roles can be that of ambassadors (Key/Influential/Important stakeholders), advisors (Active/Primary stakeholders), visionaries (Active), executive sponsors (Passive stakeholders) marketeers (Passive/Secondary stakeholders) or standard users (Secondary stakeholders). These roles can be interchangable depending on the responsibility that is involved and the influence that the stakeholder has in the project or the system. According to Robertson (2000), the first step would be to identidy the requiremnts and inturn to identify the stakeholders. Next step would be to recognize the kind of role they plan to play in the project along with their level of involvemnt and commitment to the project. This will very well enable us to understand any conflicts that arise and help us to comeup with any resolutions for it. Stakeholders are very important people irrespective of the kind of role they play. All need to be respected and taken care of equally so that the project does not suffer in the long run but instead benefits with the experience and idealogies of such capable and able people. References ICRA. ICRA Learning Materials – Stakeholders – Key Concepts. Bittner, K, Spence, I (2002). Use Case Modeling. Addison-Wesley Professional. System design Robertson. S (2000). Project Sociology:Identifying and involving the stakeholders. The Atlantic Systems Guild Ltd

Iris Setosa, Iris Versicolour

Finally, the â€Å"Zoo† data set Is a trivial one with 7 classes, which are animal groups, with a total of 101 instances. Each animal instance contains 18 attributes, those of which include the animal's name or race, 2 numeric for its legs and its type, and 15 Boolean-valued attributes; those that involve simple yes or no answers. The following is an analysis of 4 classification algorithms that can be optimally used for these data sets.ANN. would be a good decision when simplicity and accuracy are the overwhelming factors, like in the â€Å"Zoo† data set. This classification algorithm does not focus on the prior probabilities, and is very efficient in structure. The primary computation is the sorting procedures in order to guru out the k-nearest neighbors for the test data. There are many advantages. It is structurally trivial, but it's able to make complex decision boundaries, it doesn't need much information to be able to work, it naturally gets in tune with our probl em-solving techniques, and it learns easily.The disadvantages are that it takes quite a long time to classify and that it's somewhat hard to find the best value for k. Decision Tree The Decision Tree algorithm helps solve the problem of classifying data into multiple groups of data. It provides innovative rules for solving large amounts of classification assignments because it arks on every different type of data. It's well-suited for analyzing abundant amounts of info, such as the â€Å"Adult† data set, because it does not need to load all the data in the system's main memory all at the same time.It uses a root system to remove the burden of the problem's difficulty. The Decision Tree exploration engine is used for assignments such as classifying databases or predicting results. These decision trees should be used when your mission is to assign your records to some ample categories. They help you out with rules that are easy to comprehend, ND those which can also help you pi npoint the best fields in case of future involvement in the project. There are an equal amount of advantages and disadvantages here.In the bright side, it is easy to comprehend and to generate rules, and it makes your life a whole lot easier when the problem gets degraded in difficulty. On the other hand, once an error has been made on a node at level n, then any and all nodes at level n-l, n-2, n-3,†¦ , n-k will also be wrong. Furthermore, it is not good at handling continuous variables. Nevertheless, being able to work with mass scale database files with Just his algorithm is reputable in itself.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Essay Example Literature Review According to medical field, ADHD is caused by Defect in the central nervous system of a child. The doctors suggest that this disorder can be controlled to an extent by the elimination of refined sugar and other food additives. â€Å"Among students with ADHD, medication treatment was not related to better adjustment or diminished ADHD symptoms. The contribution of inattention to academic concerns and depressive symptoms remained significant when controlling for personality traits†(Rabiner,2007,pg. 689-6990).However, nature is found to be the best medicine for this disorder at all times. Children learning in an open space with access to tress, plants, flowers and waterfalls have seen to be more attentive and pleasant while learning. Method The method used in this research is the quantitative research method, where in the effectiveness of natural treatment on ADHD suffering children is analyzed by surveys. The behavioral patterns of the children when accessed to natural surrounding is studied by survey a better idea of effectiveness of the natural treatment .This gave an opportunity to assess the situation of the children with disease with regard to the natural environment.