Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Jack London An Oyster Pirate - 1204 Words

Jack London was born in 1876, and died in 1916. He was born in San Francisco, California, and was the son of Flora Wellman Chaney. When he was a child, he would sometimes living with the Prentisses. Mr. and Mrs. Prentisses were African Americans who served as London’s surrogate parents. When Jack turned 15, he sailed the San Francisco Bay as an oyster pirate. During his time on the water, London developed an alcohol problem, which would eventually become alcoholism. In 1894, London was arrested as a vagrant and spent 30 days in Erie County Penitentiary. At the age of 20, London was accepted into the University of California, but due to a lack of funds, he was only able to stay for a semester. The most important event of London’s early life was when he moved to Alaska to take part in the Klondike Gold Rush. In 1900, London had his first book published, â€Å"The Son of the Wolf,† and married Bessie Mae Maddern. They had 2 children before they divorced in 1905. He then married Charmian Kittredge soon after. After doing some traveling, he settled in Hawaii and became America’s first Pacific Rim writer. By the time London died, he was the best selling author in America, published 18 books, 198 short stories, three plays and hundreds of nonfiction books and articles. (Jack London, Wikipedia) 1 Jack London’s writings reflect the social and intellectual turbulence of the turn of the 20th century. When asked why he wrote, he simply responded it was for the money. Some basic themes thatShow MoreRelatedJack London Biography1301 Words   |  6 PagesJack London : Biography         You cant wait for inspiration. You have to go after it with a club (BrainyQuote). This is one of Jack Londons more well known quotes. Jack London was born as John Griffith Chaney  on January 12, 1876, in San Francisco(Jack London). His mother was Flora Wellman and his father was suspected to be astrologer William H. Chaney, who denied his paternity and abandoned Londons mother(Wilson). London was suckled, or nursed, by an ex-slave named Virginia Prentiss, whoRead MoreJack Londons To Build A Fire Essay1025 Words   |  5 Pagesthough was one who portrayed himself through dozens of short stories. His name is Jack London. Jack London is a writer who shows the conflict between Nature versus Man in his writings and supports this theme through his work, â€Å"To Build a Fire.† Jack was born on January 12, 1876 and died on November 22, 1916. He is best known for his nature novels depicting how nature can sometimes be so powerful that it overcomes man. Jack was desert ed by his father when he was eleven and was mainly raised by his motherRead MoreJack London and His Call of the Wild1150 Words   |  5 Pagesof the parts of his nature that were deeper than he, going back into the womb of Time. - Jack London, The Call of the Wild, Ch. 3 (Jack London Quotes). This quote summarizes the success of Jack London’s writing career in one simple sentence. London’s success and inspiration for his naturalist style can be accredited to the way in which he was raised, and his experiences during his lifetime. Jack London, was born John Griffith Chaney on January 12, 1876 near San Francisco, California. His motherRead More The Call Of Jack London Essay example2187 Words   |  9 Pages The Call Of Jack London nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During a time when man had gold fever, and philosophical views plagued the minds of many, one man took these views and turned them into great outdoor adventures. John â€Å"Jack† Griffith London, a twentieth century author, wrote The Call of the Wild, other novels, and short stories that depict the philosophical views of the time and added adventure to them by using his own life experiences that carried thousandsRead More The Life of Daniel Defoe Essay1476 Words   |  6 Pagessocial ideals, because of his opposition to the church and state he was jailed and imprisoned many times. Defoes writing reflected the fast growth of the English Middle class with new business opportunities in 1600-1700. Daniel Foe was born in London sometime in 1660 to an English butcher and candle merchant James Foe. He later changed his surname to Defoe, probably to return to his old foreign family name. His father was a Dissenter, a Presbyterian protestant who was not a part of the establishedRead MoreA Analysis of Jack London Novels2925 Words   |  12 PagesA literary Analysis of Jack London three most recognized works, Sea Wolf; The Call of the Wild; and White Fang. Jack London lived a full life, even though he died at the young age of forty. In his life time he experienced many things, and I believe that these experiences were the catalyst of his novels. Jack London was an oyster pirate, a government patrolman in San Francisco Bay, a sailor and an agrarian reformer, a seal hunter in the North Pacific and a gold prospector in the frozen

Global Financial Crisis And Its Impact On Economic Policy...

Financialisation is the process in which financial institutions/markets increase in size and gain greater influence over economic policy and outcomes (Palley, 2007).Another link to financialisation is high degree of leverage. This is because with leverage, you can get a loan for 9/10s of the money, so you only need a small portion, and you are able to make lots of profit. Leverage is linked to financialisation in a sense that if it works, you get lots of profit with a working system, however if it doesn’t work, then you can lose lots of money, and in high degrees of leverage, you can be losing lots of money by the investment not working out, and someone then has to pay off the loaned money. In this essay, I will be analysing whether or not financialisation was the main cause of the 2008 global financial crisis, or if there were other factors involved in the great recession. I will be arguing that financialisation was a cause of the crash, but because it was aided by other fact ors, it is not the sole reason behind the collapse. The points that I will be making in my argument will be in relation to the financial crisis in the context of financialisation, talking about market deregulation and subprime mortgages. The second point that I will make will be about the greed of the CEOs on Wall Street, and their irresponsibility when it comes to the money of others. The final point that I will be making will be about the irresponsibility on behalf of the regulators, and how theyShow MoreRelatedDiscuss the Importance of Ethics in Business in Light of the Recent Global Financial Crisis (Gfc)1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe 2008 global financial crisis has affected today’s economy severely based on the collapses on issues such as immoral practices, governance, regulations, enterprise ethics. Factors to consider with the collapse that lead to the financial crisis is the dangerous outcomes that financial companies were not foreseen in advanced of borrowing mortga ges for the companies. The change of ethics through enterprises demonstrate how business approaches to ethics over the past years where ethics is seen inRead MoreEconomic Growth And Inequality Of Opportunity1672 Words   |  7 PagesIDPM60711: Economic Development Theoretical link between economic growth and inequality of opportunity ‘The case of the Arab Spring’ Word count: 1654 Introduction Global discourse around the issue of growing inequality and specifically inequality of opportunity has come to the fore in recent years driven by violent public action witnessed in the spring of 2011. A little southern town in Tunisia known as Sidi Bouzoid in December 2010 took global centre stage in the push for economic emancipationRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of The Usa1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe recent global financial turmoil started on July 2007 ,mainly in the USA and spread among developed nations in the later part of 2008 and subsequently shifted to the developing nations .this crisis consisted of some prime drawbacks not only for the developed countries but also for developing countries .the most talked about issue in the recent financial arena in the global financial crisis ,which started to show its effect in the middle of the year 2007.the turmoil ,however ,was rooted in theRead MoreChin A Better Market For New Entrepreneurs886 Words   |  4 PagesThan the U .S. Most of the people believe the U.S. have the best economic system and the most mature market in today’s world, it should be the best market environment for most of the new business or new entrepreneurs; however, in the recent years some Asian markets are also developing rapidly, the most outstanding one is the Chinese market. With the Chinese government’s strong internal motivation and aggressive import and export policy I believe it is truly the best market for new entrepreneurs. MarketRead MoreWhat Is The Role Of Credit And Credit Booms?1420 Words   |  6 Pagesimportance of credit to GDP gap, gross external debt to export, and stocks as variables that can be used in crisis prediction. However, it is the two variables of credit and debt that stand out to be the most relevant, whereas, it could be inferred that stocks are merely augmented by their presence or can be used in the presence of credit and debt. Thus, The probability of a financial crisis incidence in the list of candidate countries increases when the share of domestic loans in GDP is growing,Read MoreThe Term Global Financial Crisis (Gfc) Refers To The Financial1745 Words   |  7 PagesThe term Global Financial Crisis (GFC) refers to the financial crisis of 2008-2009 that, according to leading economists, is the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression (Eigner, 2015). The crisis began in 2007 due to a mortgage market failure in the United States and in the following year, with the col lapse of the Lehman Brothers investment bank, advanced into an international banking crisis, which then developed into a global economic crisis, The Great Recession (Williams, 2010). ThisRead MoreImf And Negative Impacts On Argentina1082 Words   |  5 PagesThe IMF and Negative Impacts on Argentina The International Monetary Fund is an organization created in 1945 consisting of 187 member-countries with goals to foster a global cooperative monetary system, promote international trade growth and exchange rate stability, and maintain a multilateral system of payments. The IMF attempts to achieve these goals by surveilling the global economy, providing financial assistance through credits and loans, and by providing technical assistance. The organizationRead MoreThe Dynamics Of Banking And Financial Reform1447 Words   |  6 PagesA) The Dynamics of Banking and Financial Reform After the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the G-20 became the most important forum for economic cooperation . Its positive impact in the realm of financial regulation can be determined by two main results. Firstly, the most important emerging nations were included in the premier league, thus rebalancing most part of worldwide financial authorities, increasing the number of players who now participate in financial regulation. Secondly, the G-20 startedRead MoreWhat Is The Transformation Of The Finance Function?1024 Words   |  5 PagesThe Transformation is facing financial management as a growing industry that provides a well-rounded wealth of information that is rapidly evolving along with the economic growth. As you well know our finance and accounting departments are under fire to perform dynamically. More exceptional than before is the weight to drive real-time intelligence and the constraints to develop a forward-looking analysis to support a business decision. In retrospect, thi s coincides with dramatic shifts in businessRead MoreThe Decline Of The United States964 Words   |  4 PagesThe first decline of the U.S. economy occurred (Dezhao, 2006) back in the 1930s during the capitalist world s great economic depression. The second fall took place in the 1970s and 80s, the time which the international competitiveness of U.S. commodities and capital decreased significantly. The third decline occurred late 2000 , the recent financial crisis 2008/9. The reasons and results of the three falls are very different. Following the first two declines, the United States made

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Moon and Tides Observation Essay - 965 Words

An observation of the Moon was conducted from Friday, November 8, 2013 to Thursday, November 14, 2013. The study of the Moon during this period occurred consistently between the hours of 8 and 9 p.m. EST within the Northern Hemisphere at 37.3346 ° N, 79.5228 ° W (Bedford, V.A.). The Moon was noted to be illuminated on the right side and had a dark shadow on the left side indicating a waxing phase. The light region grew over the surface of the Moon with each subsequent night. The first night’s phase was waxing crescent with over 25 percent of the Moon lit up. The next night, the light had grown to cover more of the Moon as it continued through its waxing crescent phase. On November 10th, the Moon exhibited traits of being at first-quarter or†¦show more content†¦The new moon is the first phase of the lunar cycle. It occurs when the Moon and Sun are lined up on the same side of the Earth so that the moon is not visible from Earth. Next, the waxing crescent moon phas e is displayed whereby the Moon’s surface is less than half lit up. The word waxing means that the light side of the Moon is moving towards the full moon phase. A person viewing the Moon from the Northern Hemisphere will see a waxing moon if any portion of the left side of the Moon is dark and the right side is illuminated. If the Moon is observed on consecutive nights during the waxing phase, they will notice that the light section of the Moon is actually growing during this phase. The next phase is the first quarter moon, which is often referred to as a half-moon because half of the Moon, the right side, is illuminated. The phrase first quarter is not used to describe the shape of the Moon but is used to express that the Moon has completed a quarter of its orbit around the earth. At this point, the Sun and Moon are at a 90-degree angle in relation to the earth. Next in the moon cycle is the waxing gibbous which is characterized by more than half of the Moon being illuminate d and the left portion of the Moon displaying a smaller shadow area. The full moon follows the waxing gibbous phase and is the easiest phase to recognize because the moon is at its fullest illumination in the nightShow MoreRelatedEssay about Ecobeaker1714 Words   |  3 Pageshigh and low tides will a given spot on the coast experience in a day, and why? A given spot on the coast will experience two high and two low tides each day. High tide occurs when the Moon and Earth are facing towards each other and away from each other. Low tide occurs when the Moon is facing the Earth at 90Ëš and 270Ëš. 4.2 – What is spring tide and when does it occur? Spring tide is when the Earth, Moon and Sun are directly aligned. This occurs at new moon and full moon. The gravitationalRead MoreTides1740 Words   |  7 PagesTides and the Moon Name AST/101 Date Teacher Tides and the Moon I was recently tasked with examining the relationship between the Earth’s moon and the Earth’s tides. I took that to mean literally: how are the tide levels of Earth’s bodies of water affected by the Moon? When approaching this question I want to do so with the scientific method in mind. The scientific method refers to a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previousRead MoreMoons Of The Terrestrial Planets1493 Words   |  6 PagesMoons of the Terrestrial Planets 2.2. Moons of Mars 2.2.1 Introduction Mars orbits at a distance of 1.52 AU from the Sun. Mars has two natural satellites, discovered by Asaph Hall in 1877. The innermost of these, Phobos, is about 22.2 km in diameter (27.0Ãâ€"21.6Ãâ€" 18.8) and orbits the planet with a period far less than Mars s period of rotation 7.7 hr. (only one quarter that of Deimos), causing it to rise in the west and set in the east(Born Duxbury 1975). Thus, it makes more than 3 orbits in aRead MoreNon Gravitational Effects On Jupiter s Satellites1161 Words   |  5 Pagesthe natural satellites orbits were studied recently using observations. This effect creates a quadratic term in orbital longitude and a secular changing of the semi-major axis. Causes may be only hypothetical. It is assumed that the causes of the effects are in the tides in the body of the planet and in the body of satellite (Emelyanov 2015; private communication). Lainey et al. (2009) considered an extensive set of astrometric observations from 1891 to 2007 to study the orbital tidal evolution ofRead MoreBarnacles2521 Words   |  11 Pagesaverage, how many high and low tides will a given spot on the coast experience in a day, and why? Along the coast there will be an average 2 high and 2 low tides per day. The reason behind this is many different forces but one of the most important is the moons gravitational pull because of how close it is to earth. The moons gravitational pull along with the oceans internal elastic forces causes a water ‘bulge’. If you are on the coastline facing the moon, high tide will occur. At the same timeRead MoreIs Jupiters Moon Europa?1430 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction What if one day our world became too crowded or was at the verge of becoming like Venus, would there be another world we could escape to? Other planets and moons have been traveled to in order to answer this question. One place in particular that has been identified as a possible future home is Jupiter’s moon Europa. With future landing and explorations of Europe we may be able to determine the geophysical processes, ocean composition in order to determine its habitability. What it takesRead More Evolution in the School System Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pagesseen in the data gathered from space. Recent scientific study has concluded that the moon is slowly pulling away from the earth at a very steady rate. If the moon has been pulling away from the earth at a steady rate, it would have been so close to the earth at the dawn of time, that survival of almost anything would have been impossible due to the large tides created by the closeness of the moon. The tides would litera lly erode away the continents (Huse 25). Many such evidence is found all overRead MoreEssay on Oceanography Chapers 9-112676 Words   |  11 Pageson Earths tides is only 46% that of the Moons, even though the Sun is so much more massive than the Moon. although the sun is much larger than the moon and has much more gravitational power, the distance between the earth and the moon is extremely further than the distance between the earth and moon. so much that it greatly dampens the effect of the suns gravity. Why is a lunar day 24 hours and 50 minutes long, while a solar day is 24 hours long? This happens because the moon revolves aroundRead MoreA Cost Of Digging Rabbit Holes For Time Or Money1430 Words   |  6 PagesA Cost of Digging Rabbit Holes for Time or Money Or a Breath from the Dark Side of the Moon A consciousness analysis of the concept elements of time, money and madness within Pink Floyd’s â€Å"Speak to me/Breathe† song as well as lyrics, released in1973, and featured on the album title The Dark Side of The Moon. Arguably, one of the best concept albums as well as a top ten best seller for fifteen years on Billboard’s top album charts is not only a great musical achievement, but a metaphoric masterpieceRead More Galileo Galilei Essay995 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom high places, Galileo became increasingly skeptical. Evidence of Galileo’s brilliance was assured when in 1583, he was attending service in the cathedral and he saw that the flames of the candles osculated back and fourth. It was upon this observation that the pendulum was built. Not having enough money and not having the skills required to stay at the University, they kicked him out. To get by, Galileo began tutoring students. His continuous work with mathematics led Galileo to go to R ome and

Notes On Falling Oil Prices - 1261 Words

Eric Bach-Crosby Gina Cassady ECO2013 October 11, 2015 Falling Oil Prices Just as any market experiences it’s fair share of ups and downs, the oil industry is currently running down a slippery slope. From coast to coast across the United States, the price of gasoline has plummeted to levels were last seen during the recession of 2009 (Krauss). Although prices have somewhat improved at various points throughout 2015, average prices have remained low and are expected to stay that way for the next several years. Many people are simply overjoyed that their wallet seems a little less empty and it now takes only half the cost to fill up their gas tank, however, in the greater scheme of economics this is definitely not the best for the economy†¦show more content†¦One major factor that contributed to their recession is the fact that Chinese currency, the yuan, was devalued on August 11th of this year; a decrease of 4.4% which in turn led to their stock market plunging into a crash (Wolff). Consequently making the majority of imp orts into China more expensive and leaving their citizens with less purchasing power for goods and services. By the population left without being able to make as many purchases, the industrial activity and manufacturing of goods slowed down thus meaning that if not as many goods are being produced then not as much gasoline or oil is being used for assembly lines, transportation, etc (The Causes†¦). To put simply, if there are less funds circulating, the public will spend less, fewer goods and services will be created, and less oil and gasoline will be consumed. With China being the second largest economy in the world, the downfall of their own market tends to rattle other countries in close business relations, one of which is the United States (Ranasinghe). Aside from foreign markets, the method of extracting oil from the Earth known as hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, is in direct relation to the current price drop (How Does Fracking). Fracking accelerates how quickly oil is taken from beneath Earth’s surface and processed (How Does Fracking). Since this speeds up the practice and therefore increasing the current supply, oil prices are cut down. Although

Pallas Athene Versus Minerva Essay Example For Students

Pallas Athene Versus Minerva Essay The Goddess Athena has been an incredibly well-liked mythological character for centuries because of her complex personality and the values which are taught through her actions. The powerful Goddess has been generally thought of as being the same person in both Greek and Roman stories alike, but this is not true. Athena was looked upon and spoken of very differently in Roman and Greek myths, though she remains with the same basic personality traits in both cultures. Rome acquired its stories of mythology and religion from the Italians who derived their beliefs from the Greeks), and therefore most of the myths of deities were the same as the Greeks, but with a few changes. The Italians also gave the Romans stories of Diana, Hercules, Venus, and a few minor characters. The Greeks came about with their Gods from past ancient cultures, weaving in some of their own characteristics as time went on. Pallas Athena (the name Pallas being that of her best friend, whom she accidentally killed while practicing with spears) in both cultures is the patron Goddess of arts and crafts, weaving, the olive tree, overseer of Athens, and especially of Wisdom/War. Because the Greek culture was one of intelligence, sophistication and knowledge, Their version of Athena was mainly of a logical and sensible person, who would avoid a fight if possible. The Romans, who were a society of warlike men, focused on Minervas war capabilities and short temper. Both cultures focused on the parts of the Gods which were most like themselves and best suited their needs. For the Greeks, the Gray-Eyed Goddess was not associated with specific eople except for Her rivals. The Romans, however, formed a group of Immortals into the Capitoline triad, consisting of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. These three assumed a supreme place in the Roman religion, acting like a Jury of Watchers over the mortals. The Romans built a temple in honor of the Triad, named the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, which was built in 509 BC. In conclusion, I have been able to see how these two civilizations have viewed one part of their religion and why they do so. There were logical easons for their viewing of Athene, most of which were based on their strengths as a group. Romans respected her as a powerful Goddess of war which watched over them was they went into battle, while the Greeks saw her as a thoughtful judge who guided them in their adventures. The Romans warped the Greeks beliefs into ideas and concepts which they could relate to better, and which everyone could have a firm grasp on because of it. This project was helpful to me in both teaching me about this specific Heroine and also about why cultures act as they do.

Project Management Has Become Extremely †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Project Management Has Become Extremely? Answer: Introduction Project Management has become extremely necessary to manage the projects that are executed in the businesses of the modern era. There are various guidelines and set of principles that can be applied to these projects. The methodologies are the defined set of methods to manage the project activities and provide the guidelines to the project resources to efficiently manage the projects (Axon, 2007). There are various project management methodologies that have been identified and developed such as Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), agile methodology, waterfall model, Projects in Controlled Environment (PRINCE2) etc. Comparison Contrast PMBOK PRINCE2 Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) is the project management methodology that provides comprehensive information on all the aspects of project management. It is a knowledge based approach that defines these guidelines in five broad processes as initiation, planning, execution, control and closure (Chaves, 2016). Project in Controlled Environment (PRINCE2) is the project management methodology that is clearly stated in the seven principles that act as the building blocks for the methodology. There are seven different themes that are defined in PRINCE2 that are further explained in the set of seven processes (Karaman, 2015). Both PMBOK and PRINCE2 are the methodologies that have been defined to provide the Project Managers and other resources with the ability to easily carry out the project activities. There are various occurrences that take place during the project timeline that are required to be managed and tracked as per the defined set of processes (Wideman, 2002). These standards and the paths that shall be followed are defined under these methodologies. However, PMBOK and PRINCE2 have several differences in terms of their set of principles. PMBOK PRINCE2 The methodology is primarily driven by the customer specifications and requirements The methodology is primarily driven by the business cases It is a knowledge based approach towards project management It is defined and explained in the set of seven different processes Project Manager is considered as the primary resource in the project. The PM is held responsible and accountable for major set of project activities Project Manager is mainly the link between the project client and the project team members Documentation is less on priority in this methodology There is a lot of focus laid on documentation It is non-perspective in nature This methodology is perspective in nature Core practices are described in this methodology along with a very wide range of techniques There are seven management processes that are defined under this methodology PMBOK and Project Life Cycle (PLC) Project Life Cycle (PLC) primarily comprises of four phases as initiation, planning, execution and closure. Each of these four phases in the project life cycle comprise of their respective set of tasks and activities. PMBOK is the project management methodology that is mainly defined in five phases as initiation, planning, execution, control and closure. These phases have a close definition with the PLC and the further sub-tasks that are defined in the PMBOK phases also have a close link with the activities defined under PLC. PMBOK; however, is a knowledge based approach that gives the top priority to the customer requirements (Ghosh, 2012). Therefore, the order of the phases along with the activities defined under these phases may be altered from one project to the other. PRINCE2 and PLC PRINCE2 is a project management methodology that is closely related with the PLC. These are seven processes defined in PRINCE2 as starting up of a particular project, its initiation, directing and controlling of the project followed by management of product deliveries and stage boundaries and ending with the closure of the project (Turley, 2009). All of these project stages are also clearly stated and described in PLC. Planning and initiation along with monitoring and control are some of the stages that are given primary importance in PRINCE2 as well as PLC. Conclusion Project Management has developed as a mandatory discipline that is implemented in all the business organizations of the current times. There are several methodologies that are present to carry out project management. However, these methodologies differ from one another in terms of the set of principles applied and the processes that are involves. The methodology that is applied in the project shall fall in line with the project factors. References Axon, S. (2007). Would you use PMBOK or PRINCE2 for Project Management?. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.laptech.co.uk/downloads/pmbok_or_prince2_final.pdf Chaves, M. (2016). A new approach to managing Lessons Learned in PMBoK process groups: the Ballistic 2.0 Model. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.sciencesphere.org/ijispm/archive/ijispm-040102.pdf Ghosh, S. (2012). Enhance PMBOK by Comparing it with P2M, ICB, PRINCE2, APM and Scrum Project Management Standards. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://pmkb.com.br/uploads/2013/08/95598999-Comparison-of-PM-Frameworks.pdf Karaman, E. (2015). Comparison of project management methodologies: prince 2 versus PMBOK for it projects. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.ijaser.com/articles/vol4issue42015/vol4issue4/JASER4059.pdf Turley, F. (2009). An Introduction to PRINCE2. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.projectsmart.co.uk/docs/prince2-introduction-ps.pdf Wideman, R. (2002). Comparing PRINCE2 with PMBoK. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6d9f/811b7e5e95242b9f2e0fd18753a6f453bc8d.pd